Though personally, my cycle stabilized after I introduced regular consumption of blue lotus flower and CBD into my spiritual and daily routine and my cramps are also much lighter. Depending upon the type of administration method chosen, the high will vary. Salvia Divinorum is a naturally occurring hallucinogenic plant compound from the mint family. The Defense Department will be expanding drug testing for military applicants to check for all drugs that are tested in active duty military members . It is possible to grow blue lotus from seeds or by growing the plants underground parts. Leave to steep for 15 minutes. Does blue lotus flower turn up on a drug test? Blue lotus flowers contain a variety of antioxidants, including quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin. Yes No | Report abuse No you will fail a drug test if you smoke illegal drugs. roller drosseln tv abnahme kosten / small kpop companies that accept foreigners / small kpop companies that accept foreigners This produces a strong, rather instant effect and can be compared to a light marijuana-like high. Always consult a healthcare provider before using any herbal supplement. While the United States does not consider blue lotus a controlled substance, it is still illegal in several states, including Louisiana. U.S. Army Veterans who were stationed on some small Army installations in Thailand anytime between February 28, 1961 and May 7, 1975. However, there are concerns about its safety. Phyto-Extractum. If it is just Blue Lotus extract then its unlikely it will be tested for or give a false positive if you are tested for anything else. Unlike most other plant-based substances, Blue Lotus extract is unlikely to show up on a drug test when consumed alone. 3. Blue Lotus can be consumed by rolling it into a joint. Enlisted members make up most of the military workforce. I dont know what blue lotus is, but kratom will not show up on a standard drug test. The drug is completely legal in the US and in most other countries, but the question is whether or not it will show up on a test. As a consequence, the rodents don't get as fat as they usually do on such a diet. The stress-busting effects are a nice bonus, too! The symptoms were mild and lasted only for 3 hours. It is 10 times stronger than an equivalent amount of marijuana. My kitty needs to know if blue lotus extract 50x can be detected in drug testing through her drug court program. I prefer the legal stuff. does the military test for blue lotus does the military test for blue lotus. Blue lotus flowers are most commonly used to treat insomnia and anxiety. It would be the weakest method of intake, however, it is nearly tasteless, smoke-free (safer on the lungs obviously), and wastes less of the herb. Soldiers that violate the policy are subject to prosecution under Article 92, United States Code of Military Justice, for failure to obey a lawful general order. The Psychedelic Experience: Blue Lotus (NYMPHaea caerulea) and Drug Testing I searched on the list of noncross-reacting compounds for apomorphine (which is one of its primary alkaloids), and it came up as the best site. However, if the product is any good, it can provide a rather intense high. &@$0i&@$|0V t&:`3Fg`` urinalysis. Pp 350313. LondonUpdateNews.com is your news, entertainment, music fashion website. One of the most popular strains of Blue Lotus is grown and sold by Edge77.com. The answer to this question depends on your individual circumstances. Despite being labeled as poisonous by the FDA, the flower does not have the same classification as controlled substances. Salvia Divinorum is available commercially in both leaf and extract form. Although not a controlled substance, it is still illegal to produce or sell it in any form. Secre MRC, Pacific Soldier wins MEDCOM Career Counselor of the Year, III Corps, Fort Hood leaders stress readiness, partnership with NATO allies, 'Stryking' towards networked battlefield communications, The long wait is over: Vietnam veteran to receive Medal of Honor, NY Guard Soldiers complete French Desert Commando Course, Arctic Angels equipped with newest extreme cold weather gear, US Army South hosts inaugural Women, Peace, and Security Symposium. There is no definitive answer to this question as military testing policies can vary from country to country. Mainly a response to soldiers using spice and other novel psychoactive substances back when they sold spice and "bath salts" in smoke shops and gas stations. It has long been used in traditional medicine for its medicinal and aphrodisiac properties. Medical Urine Specimen Jar. It may also have benefits for the brain. How long has the blue lotus flower been used? Discussion: Blue Lotus is an Egyptian water lily containing apomorphine and nuciferine. No, blue lotus flower does not show up on a drug test, as there are no chemical components in blue lotus flower. The blue lotus has also been used in traditional folk medicine in Central America, where it has been used to induce a dream-like state. Its psychoactive properties have led to a few concerns. Currently, military applicants are tested for illicit drugs and prescription drug abuse during their time at a Military Entry Processing Station, overseen by United States Military Entrance Processing Command, a joint service command. However, it is generally believed that blue lotus will not show up on most standard drug tests as it is not a common substance of abuse. Wildcrafted Tea. Does blue lotus flower turn up on a drug test? Home; Accommodations. Salvia Divinorum is a naturally occurring hallucinogenic plant compound from the mint family. This Sun God was named Nefertem. It is used as a sleep aid and as an. 5 grams is the minimum dose per person, but 10 grams is the perfect dose for most people. If you want to use blue lotus extract, the recommendable dosage is 0.25 grams. Blue Lotus Formats . Despite the fact that people today are realizing the tremendous benefits of the Blue Lotus Flower, people of yesterday have long adored the plant. Logically it's quite potent and requires less material than blue lotus flowers. While blue lotus is not currently a scheduled drug in the United States, it is possible that it could be flagged as an analogue of a controlled substance. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. They usually check for thc, cocaine, opiates, meth, and possibly benzos or mdma on a 5 panel. Because it is not a controlled substance and is not approved for human consumption in the United States, it cannot be consumed in moderation. STAND-TO! The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. It is estimated that 450 additional people will test positive using the expanded testing. The three most common administration include smoking, vaping and brewing the leaf into a tea. It is widely known for its sedative properties and can be consumed many ways (although smoking is the most common). Do you? Now strain the entire tea and enjoy the happiness-filled sips.3. Please clarify exactly what it is that you are using. 6_AMf8zO$G`69Piuhg*9ctav~kx%k xm&IqLK?d0D(X mb My kitty needs to know if blue lotus extract 50x can be detected in drug testing through her drug court program. Blue lotus nowadays is an unheard drug but during the ancient egyptian times it was a very popular drug which was considered a party drug. How to Use Blue Lotus Flower There are many ways people use Blue Lotus Flower. Pp. The lotus flower can be smoked and has a similar effect to being high, and is indetectable in . Swim reckons sprinkling a little 5X blue lotus in a Cannabis joint gives him a very relaxing high, in a similar but milder way adding opium does. It is also believed to protect the heart, blood vessels, liver, and skin. While this plant is a great relaxing agent, it is also very easy to find in urine. Read on to find out. They usually check for thc, cocaine, opiates, meth, and possibly benzos or mdma on a 5 panel. The blue lotus flower has a calming and relaxing effect on the mind and body and is said to promote harmony and balance. Does blue lotus show up on a drug test? Given the rising use of vaping devices among soldiers and the desire of soldiers to use substances that will not show up on a urine drug screen (uds), this topic is of particular. What are the five 5 general types of violence? He had taken four hits of an electronic cigarette, believing it to be blue lotus. The unique fragrance of Blue Lotus makes for an enchanting personal pure-fume. Simply roll on the neck and wrists. For more than 3000 years the Blue Lotus Flower has been used to induce higher states of consciousness, states of sedation, and extreme relaxation.4 Blue Lotus has been very well known in Eastern Cultures, Roman and Greek times, and throughout so many cultures for its healing and relaxing effects. Nevertheless, high doses can produce confusion, altered behavior, and even an altered perception. But despite its reputation, it isnt the only drug to produce this effect. Our site and contributors cannot be held liable for any of your actions resulting from reading articles or community posts of any kind on our website. The plant had been of great spiritual and cultural importance for the ancient Egyptians, often appearing in artwork and acting as a symbol of certain deities. 157 0 obj <> endobj I dont know what blue lotus is, but kratom will not show up on a standard drug test. These compounds offer antispasmodic effects and a calming sensation that may help to induce more peaceful sleep. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries and is available as a liquid, tea, or powder. But does this tea work? Blue Lotus is a hybrid of blueberry and snow lotus plants, and according to the company website, its most noticeable aromas are earth, musk, and berries. When large amounts of blue lotus are consumed, some people experience hot flashes and jumpy feelings. And be sure to plan ahead and stay safe! While it may not produce the same extreme effects as a marijuana high, it is a pleasant feeling that lasts around two to three hours. The color Blue is reliable. It is used as a sleep aid and as an. It has been used for a variety of purposes in addition to being an aphrodisiac and a symbol of unity. (July 12, 2012) -- Soldiers face a new drug threat in the form of Salvia Divinorum and "Spice," two substances that have been on the rise as marijuana substitutes. 4 Blue Lotus has been very well known in Eastern Cultures, Roman and Greek times, and throughout so many cultures for its healing and relaxing effects. However, studies on the herbs effects on humans are limited. The active duty males initial vital signs were 139 bpm, 94/52 mmHg, and 22 breaths per minute. Mar 9, 2017. -{f*SBH; {=6;qe(00x^dXW`T~Y9]YpPz{.,O}p,iKTU3RgU/EluN@,Z,PiwY7MWaIKj6F+v`zwj- :d2JW dI.8m)Ke0Sieq#FRJ{H,p8Ah9qj>fj%t+ ZVu`pO$I1rqg S>a#lQ+S2}4KV*3/5J+;"wT. Let it steep for nearly 5 to 10 minutes. Blue Lotus is hypothesised to contain nuciferan (a natural anti-spasmodic) along with aporphine, which will give you feelings of calming euphoria. Several herbal medicine texts warn of the potent and dangerous properties of this genus, as well as the dangers it poses. It is still unclear as to rather or not the military has a test that will screen for kratom. This flower contains two alkaloids, Aporphine and Nuciferine, which act on the dopamine receptor in the brain and produce feelings of euphoria and sedation. Take a pot, pan, or kettle and bring the water to boiling point. It has been reported to induce hot flashes and slightly jumpy feelings when consumed in high quantities. If you smoke this weed, you will fail a drug test. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, The Blue Lotus: A History Of Beauty Euphoria And Narcotics, Cedar Wood Planks The Perfect Choice For Your Next Woodworking Project, Cedar Oil A Versatile And Natural Way To Improve Your Home And Health, Western Red Cedar: A Species Of Tree Native To The Western Coast Of North America, The Benefits Of Using Cedar Oil As An Insect Repellent, Lotus: The High-End Escort Who Stole Edward Lewis Heart, How To Identify A Japan Built Lotus Guitar. LondonUpdateNews. Edge77 has been selling a premium Blue Lotus they call Jolly Lotus which has been one of the most used strains of Blue Lotus Flower in the United States. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. does the military test for blue lotus; 02 Giu 22-does the military test for blue lotus . It may not be possible to test the blue lotus high with a drug test. Blue lotus ( Nymphaea caerulea ), also known as the blue water lily, is a mildly psychoactive flower used as a sacrament by several early civilizations, most notably by the ancient Egyptians. 6 Do you need to take a drug test for Blue Lotus? They are most likely to shake my hand at me and wave at me once or twice a week (or even once a month or so). 5 Is it legal to smoke the blue lotus flower? The recommended dosage is around 300 milligrams or a few grams of the flower. And dont worry this article will help you avoid being arrested for it! does the military test for blue lotusflipped classroom rivoluzione francese. It is recommended that you consult a medical professional before consuming blue lotus, as the drug can affect the ability to perform certain activities. It is native to Egypt and some parts of Asia and has a long history of use as an aphrodisiac and natural sleep aid. 2022. Although the plant is illegal in the military, it is not illegal for regular consumption in the United States. Blue Lotus contains nuciferan (a natural anti-spasmodic) along with aporphine, which will give you feelings of calming euphoria. 39 (18). Being caught in possession of either Salvia Divinorum or Spice can destroy a Soldier's career. It also works by activating dopamine receptors in the brain. Despite the fact that blue lotus doesnt seem to be dangerous, it may not be the best idea for people who are taking a drug test. Whether Blue lotus shows up on a drug test is a matter of personal choice, but for many people the answer is yes. It is often used in religious and spiritual ceremonies and is considered to be a sacred flower. Antioxidants are important because they fight free radicals, which can harm your cells if they are not. Using them is punishable by article 15 administrative action and can result in loss of pay, rank, and being forced to do extra duty. It smells sweet and almost green. No, blue lotus flower does not show up on a drug test, as there are no chemical components in blue lotus flower. C B\^1.t6Lv5E?%[$,.^|r]]]U/E~z~^Mk+fmH9]yZ.C3za% :/m3Q;\jvUMlS!2|K(.8q5b?b!kIeZ;Wp=VN}3u?6)//u9tfl~=uO{Fp'`ab7K05w6Z umYtQ=s^fPn#\;|Geq 9\uDi y*r4lg;0f45F3- _.{~3 PBRn|[iI>]U;.Qt??.eF>+J_'r/E{.wSZzxoJ The real adverse effects start to creep in when the blue lotus is combined with other stronger drugs, such as cannabis or prescription painkillers. 5Bertol, Elisabetta; Fineschi, Vittorio; Karch, Steven B.; Mari, Francesco; Riezzo, Irene (2004). Nuciferine has been shown to reduce gut permeability, increase autophagy, and improve gut bacteria composition in rodents fed junk food. 11-substituted (R)-aporphines: synthesis, pharmacology, and modeling of D2A and 5-HT1A receptor interactions. The flower of the Blue Lotus plant contains essential chemical agents called Apomorphine. Using them is punishable by article 15 administrative action and can result in loss of pay, rank, and being forced to do extra duty. In fact, it is not even included in the list of substances that can cause a false positive. It is absolutely one of the most relaxing natural plants one can smoke after marijuana. The patient was not forthcoming with his story, but was conscious and alert within three hours. The test panel is made with the purpose to detect a drug substance, present in the urine. Sacred Blue Lotus History of the Blue Lotus Flower Retrieved from Sacred Blue Lotus Journal 12/1/2018. There is no standard dosage, safety data, or other evidence to support these claims. The blue lotus ( Nymphaea caerulea ), also known as blue water lily, is a beautiful flower that originally comes from ancient Egypt, where it was cultivated along the river Nile. As with most herbal remedies, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional before using Blue Lotus. A study by Poklis et al. 97 (2). To learn more about shipping or for questions about our site, contact us. Applicants who fail the new drug tests are allowed to reapply after 90 days at the discretion of the particular service. It is also legal to use. Lotuses, like the Indian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), are flowering aquatic plants that can be found all over the world. %PDF-1.6 % This was the tonic I needed when life is crazy on Earth. Nymphaea cults in ancient Egypt and the New World: a lesson in empirical pharmacology. Blue Lotuses are a symbol of life in addition to representing the Nile River and its tributaries. by James Prisker | Nov 23, 2022 | Sacred Plants. Yea, I have been using jolly lotus for like a year now, I actually just never went back to weed after probation ended. It is very commonly rolled into a cigarette (sometimes even being mixed with other smokeable herbs). The blue lotus flower is not a controlled substance, but it is still illegal to consume without the consent of the customer. It is also a great way to prepare for an upcoming drug test! No, blue lotus flower does not show up on a drug test, as there are no chemical components in blue lotus flower. Blue lotus extract is a popular substance for a variety of reasons, from euphoria to the prevention of urine drug tests. There has been very little scientific research on the blue lotuss effects. Recent changes in federal law make it illegal to possess most forms of Spice. 2Wilkinson, Richard H., (2003). Blue lotus nowadays is an unheard drug but during the ancient egyptian times it was a very popular drug which was considered a party drug. Make sure to use a container (such as a concentrate pad) which protects this powder from melting into the vaporizer. At first, it has simulative effects on the body, and delayed effects include mild euphoria, sedation, and relaxation. The blue lotus is said to be rich in narcotic alkaloids both in its roots and in its flowers, and the herb Ebers papyrus (1550 BCE) described the herbs medicinal properties as early as the seventh century B.C. In this region of the world, the Mayans put the flower to good use in teas, extracts, and by smoking it. How to Smoke Blue Lotus (Blue Lotus Flower Guide), Introduction and History to Blue lotus Flower. However, it is safe and legal in the USA. Smoking the Blue Lotus Flower is one of the most common ways it has been used throughout Ancient and modern times. In some instances, military personnel may be tested for the presence of blue lotus in their system, while in others, such testing may not be conducted. Salvia Divinorum is also referred to as Magic Mint, Diviner's Sage, Sage Goddess, Emerald Essence, "la pastora (the sherperdess)," and, in context, simply as "Dalvia. However, higher doses of this drug can cause hallucinations and euphoria. Spice is a synthetic cannabinoid made up of many different compounds. However, there are also many individuals that hold an FFL. FFL holders are commonly gun stores, pawn shops, and retail sporting goods stores. Blue Lotus flower users typically describe their experience as calming, tranquil, serene, or otherwise sedating; and with a sense of overall euphoria. Except for Poland, Russia, and Latvia, there are no restrictions on its use. So, obviously people smoke Blue Lotus Flower and it is a legal high. Those who seek a distinct and flavorful strain will be drawn to Blue Lotus. Most products labeled as Blue Lotus contain synthetic cannabinoids, which is detected through testing. Finally, blue lotus essential oil and incense are widely available. Blue Lotus is traditionally known to be a gateway to the divine. Under federal law, punishment for possession of Spice containing these chemicals will be similar to punishment for possession of marijuana. The blue lotus is known to be an entheogenic drug, which means it is a mind-altering substance that is believed to have certain kinds of effects on the brain's working and consciousness in a spiritual as well as religious manner. Here are some examples of how blue lotus may cause a high. Also, do not vape it if you are undergoing any medical procedure. The flower needs to be stored in an air-tight container after being dried, which has to happen right after it is harvested. Blue Lotus Flower Extracts These are typically a syrup-like substance and generally do not taste very great. It is not recommended to use the substance until you have had a chance to discuss it with your healthcare provider. Sacred Smoke Herbalsis more than just a website its a community of like-minded individuals who are passionate about plants and their healing properties. Blue lotus ( Nymphaea caerulea) is a type of water lily native to Egypt and some parts of Asia. It is also sometimes referred to by other common names, including: Blue Egyptian Lotus, Egyptian Lotus [careful there are different types], Blue Water Lily, and Sacred Blue Lily. He has also found it to mix nicely with kratom, kanna and wild dagga. Further testing did not reveal any hidden causes. These topics are in no particular order. It can help with stress and bring about happy feelings as well. While its use in the military is banned in the United States, it is legal to purchase, sell, and cultivate in most states except Louisiana. It grows best in zones 10-12, but can be cultivated in a greenhouse in other growing zones. FORT GEORGE G. MEADE, Md. Its spiritual benefits are unknown, but it is believed to improve mood and enhance creativity. It is also a natural supplement that has very limited side effects. Menu . 4 Is Butterfly pea the same as blue lotus? It is also not a drug for chronic use, and is not suitable for pregnant or lactating women. "Applicants need to be aware of the standard we hold our service members to when they join the service." As a result, it is important to check the laws in your specific country or state before growing or purchasing blue lotus. It is also said to be bitter in taste, with hints of mint, spice, and berries. Instead, effects are more subtle and well-rounded. Tea and incense are the most common products to be purchased with blue lotus flowers. The blue lotus flowers are among the most beautiful to come across. Blue is not the color to use when one is making a fuss or confronting something or someone. To form blue flower lotus tea, put in one 3 to 5 grams of dried flowers or premade tea bag to 1 to 2 cups (or 250 to 500 mL) of boiling water. My name is James Prisker is a 15+ year herbalist who has been studying and working with plants and herbs for most of my life. The wizards in this world are all plant-loving, from a dreamland in Thailand. : Army Center Substance Abuse Program. Blue lotus contains a number of toxic ingredients that can cause hallucinations, nausea, vomiting, hot flashes, and disorientation in consumers. Smoking is most potent for most people and will provide the greatest effects. Blue lotus (Nymphaea caerulea), also known as blue water lily, is a magnificent flower native to Egypt. Blue lotus nowadays is an unheard drug but during the ancient egyptian times it was a very popular drug which was considered a party drug. The alkaloids have the ability to create a more relaxed clarity and an expanded state of awareness.4. In some instances, military personnel may be tested for the presence of blue lotus in their system, while in others, such testing may not be conducted. Yes. Users commonly smoke Spice to produce a feeling of euphoria similar to that caused by marijuana. But despite its benefits, it should not be used by individuals who are depressed or suffering from anxiety. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. However, this herb should be avoided by pregnant women. Blue lotus flower tea can ease the cramps and also stabilize the menstrual cycle but there's not much research on this. Interestingly, the Blue Lotus can be used in tincture form for lucid dreaming. Nefertem was said to have blessed the flower with a sweet smell and a potent ability to spawn all of the sunlight and life on Earth, all from the waters!2, Although the Nile is the original native location of the Blue Lotus Flower, a very similar version made its appearance in the South American and Mexican regions as well. For example, the resin from confiscated flowers has four-hundred nanograms of nuciferine per gram. Prior to his arrival, he had taken four hits of spiked vape juice containing blue lotus. We provide you with the latest breaking news and videos straight from the entertainment industry. However, its use in the military is a controversial topic. The army decision to replace the current system was made in december 2021 to make the newer version the primary software for drug testing. The blue lotus products for sublingual and oral use are the resin and tincture. No there is no test for blue lotus Why do lotus flower tattoos typically have smoke rising around it? The Defense Department will be expanding drug testing for military applicants to check for all drugs that are tested in active duty military members, according to DoD. While it is not currently listed as a controlled substance in the United States, there are some countries in which it is illegal to grow or sell the plant. The scent of Blue Lotus is distinctly floral. And while it may be a rarer plant (at least the right strains), it has become more popular in Western culture (especially the United States) within the last few years. There are no known overdoses from taking blue lotus, and the plant isnt toxic, but this doesnt mean you should consume it care-free. All branches of the military including the Coast Guard, National Guard, Air National Guard, reserves, appointees to the service academies, incoming members of the ROTC and officer candidates undergoing initial training in an enlisted status require applicants to attend MEPS where they are either accepted or rejected for military service.Military applicants are currently tested for marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine, designed amphetamines such as MDMA (also known as Molly or Ecstasy), and MDA (also known as Adam). She knows they test for all controlled substances, and can. He was then discharged after consulting with the poison center. alexa and katie zodiac signs; centro raccolta differenziata palermo; shea moisture rivenditori. (DMT) and diethyltryptamine (DET). The flower is commonly used in smoking blends and contains the drug Apomorphine, which is not detectable in a drug test. The most well-known effects of blue lotus are its ability to relax the body and mind, and to promote a sense of calm and well-being. Generally, the high produced by blue lotus is similar to that of cannabis. She knows they test for all controlled substances, and can. After an observation period of three hours, he was discharged. After consultation with a poison center, he was discharged. Actually the military made any psychoactive drug/substance other than alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and prescribed drugs against their rules a number of years ago. Casa Colonica; Fienile The rhizomes also contain nuciferine, which can have the same effect. His temperature was normal, and his pulse rate was reduced by intravenous fluids. A thorough review of how to vape Blue Lotus Flower can be found in one of our archived articles: Everything you need to know about Blue Lotus Flower. How to buy Blue Lotus Capsules online in USA +1(561)780-3991; Navigation. Instead, it will be detected when used in a blend. They usually check for THC, cocaine, opiates, meth, and possibly benzos or MDMA on a 5 panel test. Lotus leaves are jot illegal. Some people suggest this can be a 2-serving recipe, but it depends upon the individuals weight, how much they have eaten earlier in the day, and tolerance (just like marijuana and every other GOOD substance or high, tolerance can build up over time). No, as long as theyre legal substances available without a prescription no one would be testing for them. examined samples of blue lotus purchased over the internet and found that all contained nuciferine. Given all of this, if you are subject to drug testing, it is best to err on the side of caution and assume that smoking blue lotus could result in a positive test. There is currently no research on blue lotus flower and its human health and safety effects. The maximum punishment at a court-martial for possession or use of either substance is confinement for two years, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and a dishonorable discharge. Further examination showed that he was drowsy and did not have any neurological deficits. This blue lotus tea is one of the most beautiful botanical teas I have ever had (and one of the most hypnotising ones I have ever had). The risk is high, and Ive never tried it before, so Im not sure how worthwhile it is. Much in the way that chamomile tea also has this effect. That being said, they are highly unlikely to have reference. Tea, smoking, vaping, and inhaling essential oils are some of the most common ways to consume it. When used in small doses, consumers do not experience negative side effects, such as nausea or hangovers.

Peterborough Kidnapping, My Younger Sister Is Taller Than Me Likelike, Draft Lottery Odds Calculator, How To Read White Claw Expiration Date Code, Articles D